Background data collection and analysis:

1. Download data on the poverty rate at $1.90/day, $3.20/day, and $5.50/day for China and India for the earliest year available (1990 for China, 1977 for India) and the latest year available (2015 for China, 2011 for India). Use the series Poverty headcount ratio at $1.90 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population), Poverty headcount ratio at $3.20 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population), and Poverty headcount ratio at $5.50 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population).

2. Download GDP per capita for the same years as the poverty data (use GDP per capita (constant 2010 US$)).

3. For China and India separately, calculate the correlation coefficient between GDP per capita and each measure of poverty.

4. Ravallion (2010) calculates the growth elasticity of poverty reduction. Calculate this variable for both China and India by dividing the percentage change in the poverty rate (over the longest period available) by the percentage change in per-capita GDP over the same period. Do this calculation using the $1.90/day poverty rate, the $3.20/day poverty rate, and the $5.50/day poverty rate. Measure the percentage changes using the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) formula given in Assignment 1.

Essay:

In your essay, describe the changes over time in poverty in China and India. Compare the two countries to each other, and discuss the reasons why you believe these countries have experienced these changes over time. What government policies does Ravallion (2010) identify that have affected poverty in China and India? What does the growth elasticity of poverty reduction tell us?

Detailed Instructions:

Your essay must have a title, an introduction, and a conclusion. Make sure to define your terms and provide appropriate background information. A suggested essay structure contains five paragraphs:

• a first paragraph that briefly introduces the argument you will make in the essay;
• and a fifth, concluding, paragraph that briefly describes the main points you have made in the essay.

a second paragraph describing how the various poverty rates have changed over time;

a third paragraph describing how the poverty rate is related to GDP per capita;

a fourth paragraph describing the growth elasticity of poverty reduction and the policies described by Ravallion;

The maximum length is 500 words plus a two-page data appendix; include a word count at the end of your submission. Include the grading rubric as the first page of your submission. Use Chicago or APA style, and write in 11- or 12-point font, double-spaced, with one-inch margins. Provide a bibliography listing the references you use, including the class PowerPoints if relevant. You must submit a hard copy (in class) and an electronic copy (on Brightspace) by the deadline. Please note that the electronic copy will be submitted to anti-plagiarism software.

Data Appendix:

The data appendix should include enough detail for the grader to determine that you downloaded the correct data and performed the calculations accurately; if not all of your data fits on two pages, you may decide to include only the first and last years of information. Required charts and figures go into the body of your essay; any supplemental charts and figures should be placed in your data appendix.

Penalties:

• Late submissions: -10 points per day, starting immediately after 4:05 p.m.
• Over 500 words: -1 point for each additional 50 words (e.g., -1 for 501 words, -2 for 551 words, etc).

If you submit only an electronic copy and no hard copy, you will receive a zero on the assignment.

If you submit only a hard copy and no electronic copy, you will receive a zero on the assignment.

No rubric: -1 point.

No data appendix: -2 points.

Data appendix over two pages: -1 point for each additional page.

No word count: -2 points.

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Avoid plagiarism

Word format only

All answered must be typed using Times New Roman (size 12, double-spaced)

No pictures containing text

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After reading the obituary, post the link here, along with an explanation of what you think makes the obituary worth reading – based on what you have learned through the readings this week. Your answer should be about 300 words.

LINK OF obituary:

http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/27/arts/television/…

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Abstract

Assisted suicide has become an option in a number of states where the patient is given a chance to take charge of the fate of the life in cases where there is no hope of the patient recovering. As a result, states have passed laws that seek to guide the doctors and the patients towards the right way of following up with this process. In this case, the practice involves physician helping a patient who is suffering terminate their life upon the patient’s request. This research looks at assisted suicide in the moral as well as the ethical aspect of it. In most of the cases the patient who opts for this seeks to preserve their respect by relieving themselves and their family the pain and suffering through dying when they are on their right state of mind. The moral question, in this case, revolves around whether assisted suicide is right or should the patients be allowed to suffer until they die?

Assisted death refers to the act of intentionally ending the life of the patients who are ill and shows no hopeful signs of recovery. The process is legal in most of the states and is through a stipulated procedure that involves medical guidance and the consent of the patient. In most cases, it is done through lethal injection as this is one of the ways of ensuring that the patient doesn’t feel any pain. It is paramount that this is differentiated with Euthanasia which refers to the act of mercy killing and this isn’t initiated by the patients themselves. Notably, this has been an issue of concern since the term suicide is sensitive in a society where life is considered to be the most precious gift. Killing isn’t allowed in the society and this couples assisted suicide with moral and ethical issues that are constantly debated today.

Annual Statistics from the department of public health relate that over 577 individuals in 2017 were injected with lethal drugs and resulted in their death. This is a clear indication that the method is becoming prevalent in society. The moral concern, however, is one of the issues that conflict this method with many states debating on whether to allow this method or not. Notably, society is built on the value of life and hope and these are virtues that should never be taken away from any individual at any time as they are the basis of life. As result, this method is illegal in most European countries except Netherlands, Luxembourg, Switzerland, and Belgium; which constitutes a list of the sovereign states. In the united states, however, assisted suicide has been allowed in 9 jurisdictions namely Colorado, Maine, Washington, Hawaii, Vermont, New Jersey, Montana, and Oregon. As other states continue to implement and discuss on this matter, religious institutions have also played part in this and have made a request that even the minors be given the right to request for assisted suicide.

It is critical to note that when the laws are being passed with regard to this, various restrictions are put in place to ensure that the process is carried in the right manner and not misused to commit crime. For instance, in the case of Washington, these rules are stipulated in the Death and Dignity act and Pensce (2015).

Additionally, the main concern of society revolves around the ethicality and permissibility of this practice. The fact that only 9 states out of the 50 in the united states have passed the law is clear evidence on this matter. In the rest of the states, this kind of activity is considered a crime and punishable by the law with challenges ranging from murder to manslaughter. Cohen et al (1994) relate that a study conducted on physicians with the aim of determining their view on PAD notes that this should only be used as the last option and is never encouraged in any case. In this case, the research notes that the restrictions placed stipulate that this option is only available to patients who have less than six months to live after doctor’s analysis. In addition, the decision has to be gradual tie ensure that the patient isn’t making this decision on rush or carelessness. However, despite the skill and knowledge that a doctor has, they can never accurately predict the lifespan of patient with precision especially in the case of mental patients. Therefore, this option is only availed to the mentally stable patients who are tired of the illness and have minimal chances of surviving. proponents of assisted suicide argue that in the case where the patient has minimal chances of surviving and has been suffering for a long time, it is only right to relive the family the aim of watching their loved ones suffer while at the same time giving the patient a chance to die in dignity.

For instance, take the case of Matt Fairchil, a terminally ill patient who was suffering from metastatic melanoma at an advanced state and this was spreading throughout his brain. Matt Fairchil was interviewed by CNN and related his journey with the disease. Over a long period of time, he had gone through a series of medication, chemo and even thirty rounds of Keytruda but his state wasn’t getting better. Even though he never wanted to give up and had been strong and brave for a long time, he wanted to have his life ended peacefully under his terms. We introduced to Brittany Maynard an advocate for death with dignity who once more opened the topic on assisted deaths. She journeyed from California to Oregon just to take advantage of the act. Realizing that she had brain cancer, she became scared. She never wanted her body to experience the effects the tumor will cause. She was aided in death. She even had enough time to go peruse through her bucket list. (Compassion and Choices), this end choice has been of importance since it has granted me peace through hard moments that would otherwise be ruled by fear, pain, and uncertainty.

Opponents of assisted suicide argue on the ethicality of terminating things as valuable as life. The United States Associate Justice of the Supreme Court Judge Neil Gorsuch strongly opposes the Assisted Death acts. In his book, (The Future of Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia) he states that humans are all valuable, and taking their lives willfully by private persons is deemed wrong. When asked what should be done to a patient who was tired of tolerating the pain, Judge Gorsuch said that the practitioners must seek all the possible ways to lower the pain instead of aiding the patient in death. Further arguments speak of the possibility of implementing the patient’s will by the doctor using force. Dr. Kevorkain claimed to have aided 130 patients to die. (Wikipedia) 60% of his victims were never terminally ill. Despite being imprisoned for 8 years, he maintained the belief that he was right in his deeds.

Besides, it is paramount to note that assisted driving could be used by the patients’ as an easy way to end their life when they are annoyed by certain illnesses. Besides doctors are mandated to save the lives of the patients as opposed to taking ort in ending them, assisted deaths go again it’s the very nature of the medical professional which is providing care and healing. Other than this, there are possibilities of misdiagnosis where often a patient may be deemed as terminally ill when they aren’t and ends up living beyond the predicted time.

To sum this up, human life is precious and should never be taken away. However, the questions linger on this topic especially in the cases involving terminal illness; why allow someone to suffer when there is no hope of better treatment? Why can’t the family is spared on the medical expenses and suffering of watching their relatives die with nothing that can be one? Why can’t the patient be allowed to have power over their life? But life is based on virtues that human life is precious and hope should never be taken away. In addition, what if there is a misdiagnosis and the patient actually had a chance to live. These are questions that revolve around this topic thus making it more complicated. However, the advancement of technology in medicine has resulted in better treatment and management of diseases that could have otherwise been considered as a threat to human life, and this should result in minimal cases of assisted suicides. However, the topic should be discussed widely and balance established on the matter.

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