For Unit Three Complete, please select any two of the three possible questions and respond with an essay of 400 to 600 words. Remember to paraphrase and cite all sources in APA format.
3. Stalin was certainly not the only world leader with a “cult of personality” that shaped his nation. Historians disagree about how impactful one individual can be (versus national or global characteristics). What do you think? Are there personal traits allow some leaders to become more historically important than others, or do some leaders simply find themselves in circumstances that dictate their actions?
5. The Cuban Missile Crisis is often cited as the closest the Cold War came to getting “hot” (a nuclear exchange between the US and USSR). Using your understanding of geostrategic positioning, nationalism and Cold War politics, explain the chain of events ignited with Operation Zapata impacted the Cold War overall.
8. Use the Vietnam conflict as a case study to explain how all four course themes (Changing Identities, Shifting Borders, Technology and Globalization) intersected to re-shape global society during the 1960s and early 1970s. Be sure to look at the six primary source documents for details.
Discussion Response
1. This should be addressed to Timothy Mullens
The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution ultimately stated that the Executive Branch of the United States government has the ability to command the troops but the Legislative Branch of government is the only one who can declare war, based on a majority vote. Since this resolution in 1964, it has been debated whether the power to command troops and declare war belongs to each branch individually, or if each decision should be distributed among the two.
This resolution was a direct response to the USS Maddox being in the Gulf of Tonkin and on August 2nd, fire being exchanged between the US and North Vietnamese torpedo boats. Originally, it was stated that the Maddox was in the Gulf of Tonkin to create a US presence, but really it was there as a support system for raids in North Vietnam (Hallock 2013). After fire was exchanged, the USS Turner Joy was sent as backup, and on August 4th, both ships reported being under attack and claimed to have sunk two North Vietnamese Regular Army (NVA) torpedo boats although it would later be debated if this attack actually occurred (Tucker, 2011). Later President Johnson would use these attacks as a justification for more raids on North Vietnam (Hallock, 2013).
In 2003, President Bush sent troops into Iraq without Congress declaring war as a direct result of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution. He defended his decision by saying that Iraq is where Al Qaeda and the Taliban were flourishing and, in order to eradicate them from the world, US invasion was the only option (Spring, 2013). Although Bush made the decision to invade Iraq and by all definitions, this was a war, Congress never formally declared the occupation a war, therefore it has been referred to as Operation Iraqi Freedom.
I do not think the president alone should have this power. Although when President Bush invaded Iraq he had the support of many Americans, our country may not be in such turmoil if this decision had required a vote from both branches of government. In hindsight, the invasion of Iraq and subsequent countries may have been impulsive and unnecessary. Because of this, I believe that the executive and judicial branches of the United States Government should share the responsibility for declaring war and mobilizing troops.
2. This should be addressed to LaShundre Foxx
The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution was battle between the executive and legislative branches over the war powers. President L.B. Johnson had so nearly powers to just communist aggression in Southeast Asia. Therefore, South Vietnam was so much in danger of falling to a socialist insurgency. On the USS Maddox was patrolling in the waters around the Gulf of Tonkin. Johnson was only really following the policy that been laid by his precursors. So during the presidencies of Dwight D, Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy, more than hundreds and then thousands of the United States military was advisers and was sent to South Vietnam just to train for the military forces. President Johnson had to make a decision that only direct the United State military intervention was in the conflict that hopefully could be turn around the tide. The resolution was also another example of the American government less than candid discussion of national security matters during the Cold War. It have a lot of pros and cons; Johnson did show a lot of great political courage in the pursing and the defending his own policy in Vietnam against the domestic opposition. By the end of Johnson’s term he had been widened called a credibility gap that been gaping chasm. So that made Millions of Americans come to see their government as a deliberate deceiver and their president as a outright lair. It was two separate programs were under the way in Vietnam, it was overseen by just the different agencies in Washington. The missions by the CIA-backed South Vietnamese agents into North Vietnman while the U.S Navy was conducted electronic missions called the Operation DeSoto. To be honest the President shouldn’t have any power to go to war. I think that should be like the military and army any of them to agrees because they are the ones that’s going to war. See can we settle something before a war start.
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